New york: A landmark resolution adopted by the General Assembly on Wednesday has been hailed as a significant affirmation of international law, climate justice, and science. UN chief Ant³nio Guterres expressed that it clearly outlines Member States' responsibility to protect their citizens from an escalating climate crisis.
According to Azerbaijan State News Agency, the resolution, which was spearheaded by Vanuatu and several other countries, was adopted following intense discussions and multiple proposed amendments. The final vote saw 141 in favor, eight against, and 28 abstentions. Those opposing the resolution included Belarus, Iran, Israel, Liberia, Russia, Saudi Arabia, the US, and Yemen.
In July 2025, the International Court of Justice (ICJ), the UN's principal judicial body, ruled that States have an obligation to protect the environment from greenhouse gas emissions. This decision was celebrated as a breakthrough, with the UN chief describing it as a victory for the planet. The Court also determined that States breaching these obligations may be legally required to cease wrongful conduct, provide assurances against future violations, and make reparations.
Although the ICJ's advisory opinions are not legally binding, they hold substantial legal and moral authority by clarifying and developing international law concerning States' legal obligations. The adoption of the General Assembly resolution underscores that addressing the climate crisis is a legal duty under international law rather than merely a political option. 'The world's highest court has spoken,' Mr. Guterres stated. 'Today, the General Assembly has answered.'
The resolution urges all UN Member States to take every possible step to prevent significant damage to the climate and environment, including emissions produced within their borders. It also calls for adherence to existing climate pledges under the Paris Agreement.
Governments are encouraged to cooperate in good faith and coordinate efforts to address global climate change, ensuring that climate policies protect the rights to life, health, and an adequate standard of living. In a statement released after the vote, Mr. Guterres emphasized that those least responsible for climate change are suffering the most, and the path to climate justice involves a swift, just, and equitable transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy.
The UN Secretary-General highlighted that renewable energy has proven to be the most affordable and secure form of energy, and that the goal of limiting global temperature increases to no more than 1.5 degrees above pre-industrial levels is still attainable.